One of the highlights of traveling in Japan is experiencing an onsen (hot spring).
However, Japanese bath culture is quite different from spas or saunas overseas, which may surprise first-time visitors.
This article explains the types of public baths in Japan, how to use them, and proper etiquette in a clear and easy-to-follow way.
Types of Public Baths in Japan
There are several types of public bathing facilities in Japan. What they all have in common is that you bathe completely naked.
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Sento: Traditional neighborhood bathhouses mainly used by locals. These are not necessarily hot springs but are inexpensive and easy to access.
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Super Sento: Large-scale bath complexes with spacious tubs, open-air baths, saunas, restaurants, and more. These offer a more leisure-oriented experience.
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Onsen / Large Public Baths: Facilities that use natural hot spring water. Often found in inns or tourist areas, they are popular for relaxation and health benefits.
※ Most of these are separated by gender. Look for signs that say “男湯” (men’s bath) and “女湯” (women’s bath).
Hotel & Ryokan Bath Options
Hotels and ryokan (traditional inns) in Japan offer a variety of bath styles:
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Private in-room baths: These include unit baths (where the toilet and bath are combined) or separate bathroom layouts.
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Rooms with private open-air baths: Some rooms have their own hot spring baths, allowing full privacy and comfort.
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Private rental baths: Separate from the large public baths, these can be reserved by couples or families for a private soak.
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Large public baths & open-air baths: Shared facilities available in many accommodations. The open-air (outdoor) baths offer great views and a sense of openness.
Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Public Bath
1. Undress in the changing room
Take off all your clothes and place them in a basket or locker. Some lockers don’t have locks, so avoid bringing valuables. You must be completely naked. Large towels and smartphones should be left outside the bathing area. Bring only a small towel with you.
2. Wash your body at the washing area
Use the shower or bucket to wash your body thoroughly. In Japan, it’s good manners to clean yourself before entering the tub. A quick rinse (called kakeyu) is the bare minimum, but I highly recommend washing thoroughly with soap. You may use the shared shampoo and soap provided at the washing stations.
3. Soak in the bath
Once you're clean, relax and enjoy the bath. Do not bring your towel into the tub (some people place it on their head).
4. Rinse off again if you like
Even though the bath water is circulated, it's shared by everyone. I personally recommend rinsing off lightly with a shower after getting out of the tub, although this is optional.
5. Dry off before returning to the changing room
Before leaving the bathing area, use your small towel to wipe off excess water. This is to keep the changing room dry and clean.
6. Get dressed in the changing room
Put your clothes back on here. Hair dryers and vanities are usually available for use.
Tips for a Pleasant Bath Experience
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Watch and follow what the locals do—it’s usually a safe guide. Just note that even Japanese people sometimes forget their manners.
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“Quiet and clean” is the golden rule. Avoid loud voices or splashing water. Be mindful of others.
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If you have long hair, tie it up to keep it from touching the water.
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About tattoos: In Japan, tattoos can be associated with crime and may not be accepted at some facilities. Use cover stickers or check the rules beforehand.
In Conclusion: Knowing the Rules Makes the Experience Even Better!
Japanese onsen and bath culture can be incredibly relaxing and rewarding once you get used to it.
You might feel nervous at first, but as long as you follow the basic rules, you’ll be fine.
It would be a real shame to come all the way to Japan and miss out on this unique experience—so give it a try!
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